Regulation, approval, and access of spinal implants in low-middle-income countries: a narrative review and case study.

Publication Type	Review
Authors	Ikwuegbuenyi C, Lohkamp L, Maruthanal J, Kassim K, Shabani H, Härtl R
Journal	Expert Rev Med Devices
Volume	20
Issue	12
Pagination	1173-1181
Date Published	11/24/2023
ISSN	1745-2422
Keywords	Developing Countries, Delivery of Health Care
Abstract	INTRODUCTION: Spinal implants play a vital role in healthcare delivery, and regulations are necessary to ensure their quality, approval, access, and use. In this article, we examine the current state of regulation and approval procedures for medical devices in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), emphasizing the situation in Tanzania. AREAS COVERED: We conducted a systematic literature search and interviewed a local spine implant representative to investigate the approval, availability, and access of surgical and spinal implants in LMICs, particularly in Africa. Out of the 18 included articles, six referred to African regulations, with no mention of spinal implants. Our analysis revealed that LMICs face challenges in accessing implants due to affordability, poor supply chain, and lack of expertise for their application. However, surgeons have found alternative solutions, such as using lower-cost implants from Turkish manufacturers. The Tanzania Medical Devices and Drugs Authority oversees the local regulatory and approval process for implants. EXPERT OPINION: Regulation and accessibility of spinal implants in LMICs, particularly in Africa, are limited and negatively impact patient care and best medical practice. Potential solutions include capacity building within and collaboration among regulatory organizations to improve regulatory processes and allocating financial resources to qualitative and quantitative implant access.
DOI	10.1080/17434440.2023.2264767
PubMed ID	37779501