Cholesterol in neurologic disorders of the elderly: stroke and Alzheimer's disease.

Publication Type	Review
Authors	Reiss A, Siller K, Rahman M, Chan E, Ghiso J, de Leon M
Journal	Neurobiol Aging
Volume	25
Issue	8
Pagination	977-89
Date Published	09/01/2004
ISSN	0197-4580
Keywords	Alzheimer Disease, Cholesterol, Intracranial Arteriosclerosis, Stroke
Abstract	Mechanisms for the regulation of intracellular cholesterol levels in various types of brain and vascular cells are of considerable importance in our understanding of the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, particularly atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is increasingly clear that conversion of brain cholesterol into 24-hydroxycholesterol and its subsequent release into the periphery is important for the maintenance of brain cholesterol homeostasis. Recent studies have shown elevated plasma concentrations of 24-hydroxycholesterol in patients with AD and vascular dementia, suggesting increased brain cholesterol turnover during neurodegeneration. The oxygenases involved in the degradation and excretion of cholesterol, including the cholesterol 24-hydroxylase and the 27-hydroxylase, are enzymes of the cytochrome P-450 family. This review focuses on the newly recognized importance of cholesterol and its oxygenated metabolites in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and AD. The reduction in stroke and AD risk in patients treated with cholesterol-lowering statins is also discussed.
DOI	10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2003.11.009
PubMed ID	15212822