Robotic bimanual arm training improves upper limb function in children with hemiparesis: a feasibility study.

Publication Type	Academic Article
Authors	Campos T, Ratnadurai-Giridharan S, Wairimu M, Li A, Tamayo S, Friel K
Journal	Front Pediatr
Volume	13
Pagination	1502481
Date Published	11/19/2025
ISSN	2296-2360
Abstract	INTRODUCTION: In children with hemiparesis, bimanual training can produce greater gains in upper limb function compared with unimanual training of the impaired upper limb. Moreover, repetitive skilled practice is a critical component of effective interventions. The objective of this study was to determine whether upper limb training using a bimanual-to unimanual robotic training device is feasible and effective for improving hand function in children with hemiplegia. We hypothesized that this robotic training would improve motor outcomes on the Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA), the Box and Blocks Test (BBT), and the Jebsen-Taylor Test of Hand Function (JTTHF). METHODS: Children (n = 8, 6 males, 2 females, age 5-17 years) with hemiparesis participated in a feasibility study using a robotic device called the Bimanual Arm Trainer (BAT, Mirrored Motion Works). This device encourages mirrored bimanual movements and uses an engaging gaming interface to encourage repetitive movements. The BAT provides bimanual-to-unimanual training of yoked shoulder external rotation and elbow extension, as well as training of pronation, supination and grasp and release of each hand independently. RESULTS: Although the study was halted by the COVID-19 pandemic, eight children completed 18 training sessions on the BAT (2x/week for 9 weeks). While range of motion did not change significantly, children significantly improved in bimanual (AHA) function. DISCUSSION: Children enjoyed the device, and provided feedback that was used to improve the gaming environment. Further work is needed to determine ideal dosing to optimize improvements.
DOI	10.3389/fped.2025.1502481
PubMed ID	41346668
PubMed Central ID	PMC12672910